Efficacy of Various Planting Times on Yield and Quality of Cut Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Keywords:
sunflower , sowing times , quality production , AsteraceaeAbstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) member of family Asteraceae, grown as annual specialty cut flower. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of staggered planting times for year-round production of sunflower. Three cultivar ‘Vincent’s 2 Choice’ was used. Sunflower seeds were sown from 1st January to 15th December, 2019, at fortnight intervals for 24 times. Data were collected on production time (d), plant height (cm), stem length (cm), stem diameter (mm), flower diameter (mm), leaf total chlorophyll contents (SPAD), stem fresh weight (g), stem dry weight (g), vase life (d) and flower quality (1-5). Experiment was designed and performed according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s Analysis of variance technique and treatment means were compared by using LSD test at 5% significance level. In sunflower expt., highest plant height (103.7 cm), stem length (101 cm), leaf total chlorophyll contents (53 SPAD), stem diameter (14 mm), stem fresh weight (108 g), stem dry weight (18 g) and flower quality (4.8) were observed in May plantings, when the day temperature was 39oC and sunshine was almost 10.1 hrs. In summary, 15th May is optimal planting time for quality production of sunflower under agro climatic conditions of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
References
Anonymous. 2010. Humic and fulvic acids: The black gold of agriculture? http:/www.humintech.com/pdf/humicfulvicacids.pdf
Armitage, Allan M. and Judy M. Laushman. 2003. Specialty cut flowers. 2nd ed. Timber Press, Portland. https://uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/PDF%20ELIBRARY%20UODIYALA/EL34/Specialty%20Cut%20Flowers.pdf
Blaine, A.C. 1999. Selection and production of six herbaceous flowering perennial species as greenhouse alternative cut flowers. M.Sc. Thesis. Dept. Hort. Land. Architec. Colorado State University, Colorado.
Bose, U.S and S.K. Tripathi. 1996. Effect of micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of tomato cv. ‘Pusa Ruby’ in M.P. Crop Research 12: 61-64. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19970305556
Carlson, A.S. 2010. Developing water quality standards and production and postharvest protocols for specialty cut flowers. M.Sc. Thesis. Graduate faculty. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.A.
Clark, Erin M. R., John M. Dole, Alicain S. Carlson, Erin P. Moody, Ingram F. McCall, Frankie L. Fanelli and William C. Fonteno. 2010. Vase life of new cut flower cultivars. American Society for Horticultural Science 20: 1016-1025. https://journals.ashs.org/view/journals/horttech/20/6/article-p1016.xml
Dest, W.M and K. Guillard. 1987. Nitrogen and Phosphorous nutritional influence on the Bentgrass-Annual Bluegrass Community Composition. American Society for Horticultural Science: 769-773. https://journals.ashs.org/view/journals/jashs/112/5/article-p769.xml
Devecchi, M and E. Barni. 1997. Effect of fertilizers on the colour of gladiolus spikes as affected by different chemicals. J. Or-nam. Hortic. 4:8-22.
Dole, John. 2001. ASCFG National cut flower seed trials. ASCFG. https://www.ascfg.org/research/national-cut-flower-trials/
Dole, John M., Zenaida Viloria, Frankie L. Fanelli and William Fonteno. 2009. Postharvest evaluation of cut dahlia, linaria, lu-pine, poppy, rudbeckia, trachelium, and zinnia. American Society for Horticultural Technology 19: 593-600. https://journals.ashs.org/view/journals/horttech/19/3/article-p593.xml
Geeta, S.V., A.M. Shirol, B.S. Kulkarni, T. Omem and P. Parvati. 2014. Performance of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybrida L.) varieties for growth, yield and flower quality characters. Plant Arch. 14:1147-1149.
Green, Sabine R., Geno A. Picchioni., Leigh W. Murray and Marisa M. Wall. 2010. Yield and quality of field grown Celosia and Globe Amaranth cut flowers at four plant densities. American Society for Horticultural Technology 20: 612-619. https://journals.ashs.org/view/journals/horttech/20/3/article-p612.xml
Hong, Y.P., D.H. Goo and K.Y. Huh. 1989. Studies on corm formation in gladiolus gandavensis. The effect of planting date of cormels on corm production, dormancy and flowering of the corm in the next generation. EurekaMag Biomedical Library 31: 54-59. https://eurekamag.com/research/002/231/002231431.php?srsltid=AfmBOooTXbbPPrzJPTcYXdzbR7CUwLxvpPO_ iER2c80L8l5KMTQ02kD-
Imanishi. H., Y. Imae, E. Kaneko and S. Sonoda. 2002. Effect of temperature and day length on flowering of early flowering gladiolus. Acta Hortic 570: 437-447. https://www.ishs.org/ishs-article/570_63
Khan, Faheem Ullah, Jhon A. Q., Farooq Ahamd Khan and Mohammed Maqbool Mir. 2008. Effect of planting time on flower-ing and bulb production of tulip conditions in Kashmir. Indian Journal of Horticulture 65: 79-82. https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/JOH/article/view/151646
Kinet, Jean Marie. 1985. Physiology of flowering. The development of flowers. CRC Press 1: 1-286. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351075664
Ko, J.Y., S.K. Kim, N.Y. Um, J.S. Han and K.K. Lee. 2015. Planting times and corm grades of gladiolus gandavensis for retarding culture in high land. J. Agric. Sci. Hortic. 36:430-434.
Mohamed, F. Mohamed, Paul E. Read and Dermot P. Coyne. 1992. Dark preconditioning, CCPU and Thidiazuron promote shoot organogenesis on seedling node explants of common and faba beans. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117: 668-672. https://journals.ashs.org/view/journals/jashs/117/4/article-p668.xml
C. C. Pasian, and J. H. Lieth. 1994. Prediction of flowering rose shoot development based on air temperature and thermal units. Scientia Horticulturae 59: 131-145. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304423894900809
Starman, Terri Woods, Teresa A. Cerny and Amy J. MacKenzie. 1995. Productivity and profitability of some field-grown spe-cialty cut flowers. Hort Science 30: 1217-1220. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://journals.ashs.org/hort/hort/published/rest/pdf-watermark/v1/journals/hortsci/30/6/article-p1217.pdf/watermark-pdf/
Steel, Robert George Douglas, James Hiram Torrie and David A. Dickey. 1997. Principles and procedures of statistics: A Biometr-ric Approach. 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill Book Co. USA. https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/Principles_and_Procedures_of_Statistics.html?id=XBbvAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y
Alan, Stevens. 1998. Field grown cut flowers. A practical guide and source book. Avatar’s World. https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/122535/records/65de02ecb766d82b18fbc050
Sudhagar, D.S. 2013. Production and marketing of cut flower (Rose and Gerbera) in Hosur Taluk. Intl. J. Busi. Mgt. Invent. 2:15-25.
Swain, S.C., S. Rath and B.K. Sethi. 2008. Evaluation of gladiolus cultivars under valley conditions of Uttaranchal. Orissa. J. Hor-tic. 36:120-123.
Wien, H. Chris. 2008. Floral crop production in high tunnels. American Society for Horticultural Science: 50-60. https://journals.ashs.org/view/journals/horttech/19/1/article-p56.xml
Zubair, Muhammad, Faridullah Khan Wazir, Sohail Akhtar and Gohar Ayub. 2006. Planting dates effect floral characteristics of gladiolus under the soil and climatic conditions of Peshawar. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9: 1669-1676. https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=pjbs.2006.1669.1676
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
